Entrepreneurship

Abstract: Recent research introduced and laid the foundation for a new individual-level entrepreneurial orientation conceptualization (Ind.EO) within the entrepreneurial orientation family of constructs. Building directly from this work, this article theoretically defines a measurement model for the construct and develops and validates a scale. We define and measure disposition-based behavior constructs for autonomy, competitiveness, innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking, thus providing psychometrically validated tools that support research in the burgeoning Ind.EO domain. Scale items are generated deductively from our definitions, and then tested through four data collections with academics, the lay population, entrepreneurs, and business managers. Strong validation data across these multiple samples support the utility of the final 17 items and that they can be used to measure Ind.EO. Furthermore, we provide unique theoretical insights regarding the value of the autonomy and competitiveness components of Ind.EO and investigate the core personal values associated with Ind.EO.

Abstract: This set of studies tackles a timely, important, yet often overlooked component of marketing—encouraging marketing actors to engage in a socially just and responsible orientation to improve decision-making. We build on ethical, sustainable, social justice, and social marketing pedagogy by combining transformative learning theories with stakeholder recognition to provide a model that explains how marketers can develop a transformative orientation. With five studies, including three semester-long field experiments, one natural experiment/event study on Black Lives Matter Google searches, and a lab experiment, we present captivating empirical evidence that market actors can change their orientation to be more responsible and just. The model recognizes the importance of using a balanced frame of reference for marketing, and how this is mediated by metacognition activation and perspective gathering. This paper provides initial empirical evidence demonstrating how the way marketing materials are presented can improve the degree of transformation.

Abstract: This paper examines the establishment of a feminist academic organization, GENMAC (Gender, Markets, and Consumers; genmac.co), serving gender scholars in business schools and related fields. In so doing, it builds on the emerging literature of feminist academic organizations, as situated within feminist organizational studies (FOS). Through a feminist case study and by assessing the reflections of GENMAC's board members, we tell the story of the emergence of GENMAC and detail the tensions the organization encountered as it formally established itself as a feminist organization within the confines of a business school setting, a patriarchal system, and a neoliberal university paradigm. We build on the FOS literature by considering how our organization counters cultures of heightened individualism and builds collective action to challenge sexism through the nexus of research, support, and advocacy pillars of our organization. We demonstrate how, through these actions, our organization challenges hierarchies of knowledge, prioritizes the care and support needed for the day-to-day survival of gender scholars in business schools, and spotlights and challenges structural inequalities and injustices in the academy.